Key Things a Child Should Learn Before 5 Years
🧠Cognitive & Thinking Skills
Recognize and name basic shapes (circle, square, triangle).
Identify colors.
Count 1 to 10 (at least) and understand quantity.
Understand big vs small, more vs less.
Begin problem-solving with puzzles or matching games.
Know day-to-day concepts (e.g. morning/night, hot/cold).
🗣️ Language & Communication
Speak in clear sentences (3–6 words minimum).
Follow 2–3 step instructions (e.g. “Pick up the toy and give it to me”).
Ask and answer simple questions (what, who, why).
Tell simple stories or events.
Know and say their full name and age.
✋ Motor Skills
Fine Motor (hands/fingers):
Hold a pencil or crayon properly.
Draw straight lines, circles, and maybe a simple person.
Use scissors (with guidance).
Button/unbutton, zip, stack blocks.
Gross Motor (whole body):
Run, jump, hop, and climb.
Kick and throw a ball.
Walk up and down stairs confidently.
💛 Social & Emotional Skills
Share and take turns.
Play cooperatively with other children.
Express feelings using words (happy, sad, angry).
Begin understanding empathy (e.g., “She’s crying, she’s sad”).
Follow rules and routines (with reminders).
🧼 Self-Help & Life Skills
Use the toilet independently (or nearly).
Wash hands and brush teeth (with minimal help).
Dress and undress with help.
Feed themselves with spoon/fork.
📘 Pre-Academic Basics
Recognize letters (especially A-Z).
Know some letter sounds (phonics basics).
Recognize their name in writing.
Show interest in books, try to retell simple stories.
🕌 Values and Habits (Optional by Culture)
Say please, thank you, and basic manners.
Begin understanding right vs wrong.
Respect elders or follow basic moral values (as per your family’s guidance).
✅ Summary
By 5 years, a child should be:
Curious, expressive, and able to follow simple structure.
Gaining independence and ready to interact socially and academically.
They don’t need to be perfect—but exposure and encouragement are key.
Would you like a checklist in Tamil or printable format to track these milestones?
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